/*
 *	Ivy League
 *
 *	File descriptors, channels
 *
 *	Copyright 1990-2000
 *	Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique (LRI)
 *	Centre d'Etudes de la Navigation Aerienne (CENA)
 *
 *	original code by Michel Beaudouin-Lafon,
 *	heavily modified by Stephane Chatty and Stephane Sire
 *
 *	$Id$
 *
 */

#ifdef __GNUG__
#pragma implementation "Channel.h"
#endif
#include "Channel.h"
#include "Scheduler.h"
#include "MsgBuffer.h"
#include "error.h"
#include "ivl/String.h"

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <string.h>

//
//	this section implements refcounts for file descriptors, so that they
//	are closed only when the last occurence is deleted
//
static int Refs [NFILE];
static int Inited = 0;

/*?nodoc?*/
void
IvlFd :: Use (int fd)
{
	if (fd < 0)
		return;
	if (! Inited) {
		Inited = 1;
		for (int i = 0; i < NFILE; i++)
			Refs [i] = 0;
		Refs [0] = Refs [1] = Refs [2] = 1;
	}
	Refs [fd]++;
}

/*?nodoc?*/
void
IvlFd :: Unuse (int fd)
{
	if (fd < 0)
		return;
	if (--Refs [fd] == 0)
		close (fd);
}

/*?nodoc?*/
char*
IvlFd :: StrRepr (char* buf)
{
	sprintf (buf, "%d", Fd);
	return buf;
}

/*?class IvlFd
This class implements objects representing Unix file descriptors.
When the associated file descriptor is -1, the \typ{IvlFd} is said to be closed,
else it is said to be opened.
Because several objects of this class can refer to the same file descriptor,
the destructor closes the file descriptor only if it is the last object referring to this file descriptor.
This is implemented with the help of a reference count, the overloading of \fun{operator =}
and the definition of the constructor \fun{IvlFd(const IvlFd\&)}.
All member functions described here are inline for maximum efficiency.
?*/

#ifdef DOC

/*?
Construct a closed file descriptor.
?*/
IvlFd :: IvlFd ()
{ }

/*?
Construct an open file descriptor for the Unix file descriptor \var{fd}.
In particular, this makes it possible to pass an integer where a \typ{IvlFd} is normally expected.
This is most useful when using Unix file descriptors.
?*/
IvlFd :: IvlFd (int fd)
{ }

/*?
This conversion operator makes it possible to pass a \typ{IvlFd} argument where
an integer file descriptor is expected. This is most useful for system calls.
?*/
int
IvlFd :: operator int ()
{ }


/*?
Open the object on file descriptor \var{fd}.
If it was already opened, it is closed first.
?*/
void
IvlFd :: Open (int fd)
{ }

/*?
Close a file descriptor. If it is opened, this actually closes the file descriptor
only if it was the last reference to it.
\fun{Close} is automatically called by the destructor.
?*/
void
IvlFd :: Close ()
{ }

/*?
Return true if the object is opened, false else.
?*/
bool
IvlFd :: Opened ()
{ }

/*?
Read at most \var{n} bytes into buffer \var{b} and return the number of bytes actually read.
This is the Unix \fun{read} system call.
For efficiency, this function does not test whether the file descriptor is opened.
?*/
int
IvlFd :: Read (byte* b, int n)
{ }

/*?
Write at most \var{n} bytes of buffer \var{b} and return the number of bytes actually written.
This is the Unix \fun{write} system call.
For efficiency, this function does not test whether the file descriptor is opened.
?*/
int
IvlFd :: Write (byte* b, int n)
{ }

#endif /* DOC */

/*?class IvlChannel
A \typ{IvlChannel} is basically a file descriptor, with more strict semantics than a \typ{IvlFd}.
A channel is immutable: once initialized, it cannot change its file descriptor.
It has a mode, of type \typ{^{IOMODE}}, with possible values
\var{IONone}, \var{IORead}, \var{IOWrite}, \var{IOReadWrite},
\var{IOSelect}, \var{IOReadSelect}, \var{IOWriteSelect}, \var{IOAll}.
\index{IOMODE :: IONone}\index{IOMODE :: IORead}\index{IOMODE :: IOWrite}\index{IOMODE :: IOReadWrite}\index{IOMODE :: IOSelect}\index{IOMODE :: IOReadSelect}\index{IOMODE :: IOWriteSelect}\index{IOMODE :: IOAll}
Before being initialized, a IvlChannel.has mode \var{IONone} and is said to be closed.

A IvlChannel.has a number of virtual functions.
The destructor is virtual; this is useful for classes that store pointers to objects
of a class derived from \typ{IvlChannel} (like in the class \typ{IvlSocket}).
The functions \fun{HandleSelect}, \fun{HandleRead} and \fun{HandleWrite}
are intended to give a channel the ability to automatically handle input/output,
for instance for use with the \fun{select} system call.
Such capabilities are used and thus illustrated in class \typ{IvlScheduler}.

A \typ{IvlChannel} can be associated with only one \typ{IvlBaseScheduler}
at a time by using the functions \fun{Add} and \fun{Remove} of the Channel.
When it is added/removed from its Multiplexor, 
virtual function \fun{Added/Removed} is called.
?*/

/*?
Construct a closed channel.
?*/
IvlChannel :: IvlChannel ()
: IvlIOS (),
  Fd (),
  Mode (IONone),
  Mpx (0)
{
}

/*?
Construct an open channel on file descriptor \var{fd} with mode \var{io}.
?*/
IvlChannel :: IvlChannel (int fd, IOMODE io)
: IvlIOS (),
  Fd (fd),
  Mode (io),
  Mpx (0)
{
}

/*?nodoc?*/
IvlChannel :: IvlChannel (const IvlChannel& ch)
: IvlIOS (ch),
  Fd (ch.Fd),
  Mode (ch.Mode),
  Mpx (ch.Mpx)
{
}

#ifdef DOC
/*?
Open the channel on file descriptor \var{fd}.
A channel can only be opened once, and it cannot be closed.
This function is useful when the channel was created with the default contructor,
in order to associate a file descriptor to it.
Because a channel is immutable, this can be done only once.
?*/
void
IvlChannel :: Open (int fd)
{ }

/*?nextdoc?*/
IOMODE
IvlChannel :: IOMode ()
{
}

/*?
Return/set the mode of the channel.
?*/
void
IvlChannel :: SetMode (IOMODE io)
{ }

#endif /* DOC */

/*?
Destroy the channel. It is removed from its multiplexor if necessary.
?*/
IvlChannel :: ~IvlChannel ()
{
	Remove ();
}

/*?nextdoc?*/
void
IvlChannel :: Added ()
{
}

/*?
These virtual functions are called whenever a channel is added to
(resp. removed from) a multiplexer. The default implementation does
nothing.
?*/
void
IvlChannel :: Removed ()
{
}

/*?nextdoc?*/
void
IvlChannel :: Add (IvlBaseScheduler* m)
{
	if (Mpx != m) {
		if (Mpx != 0)
			Remove ();
		if (m->Add (this)) {
			Mpx = m;
			Added ();
		}
	}
}

/*?
Add (resp. remove) a channel to a (resp. from its) multiplexer.
If the file descriptor of this channel is invalid, nothing is done.
If a channel with the same file descriptor as the one being added 
is already in the multiplexor, the old channel is first removed.  
?*/
void
IvlChannel :: Remove ()
{
	if (Mpx && Mpx->Remove (*this)) {
		Removed ();
		Mpx = 0;
	}
}

/*?nextdoc?*/
void
IvlChannel :: HandleWrite ()
{
}

/*?
These virtual functions are called by a \typ{IvlScheduler} when data can be written
to the channel or read from the channel.
The default implementation does nothing.
?*/
void
IvlChannel :: HandleRead ()
{
}

#if 0
/*?
This virtual function is called by a \typ{IvlScheduler} before making a \fun{select} call.
It is intended to handle any background task or buffered input/output associated to the channel.
If it returns true, the channel set scan functions will return before performing the select call.
See the class \typ{IvlScheduler} for more details.
The default implementation does nothing but returning false.
?*/
bool
IvlChannel :: HandleSelect ()
{
	return false;
}
#endif

#ifdef DOC

/*?nextdoc?*/
int
IvlChannel :: Read (byte* b, int n)
{ }

/*?
The Unix \fun{read} and \fun{write} system calls, as in class \typ{IvlFd}.
?*/
int
IvlChannel :: Write (byte* b, int n)
{ }

#endif /* DOC */

/*?nextdoc?*/
int
IvlChannel :: Read (IvlMsgBuffer& b)
{
	int l = b.FreeLength ();
	if (! l)
		return -2;
	int n = read (Fd, (char*) b.Free (), l);
	if (n > 0)
		b.More (n);
	return n;
}

/*?
The Unix \fun{read} and \fun{write} system calls applied to a \typ{IvlMsgBuffer}.
They return the number of bytes transferred, -1 if a system error occurred,
-2 if the buffer is empty when writing or full when reading.
?*/
int
IvlChannel :: Write (IvlMsgBuffer& b)
{
	int l = b.BufLength ();
	if (! l)
		return -2;
	int n = write (Fd, (const char*) b.Buffer (), l);
	if (n > 0)
		b.Flush (n);
	return n;
}

/*?nextdoc?*/
bool
IvlChannel :: ReadBuffer (IvlMsgBuffer& b)
{
	int n;
	errno = 0;
	while ((n = Read (b)) > 0)
		;
	return bool (n == -2);
}

/*?
These functions repeatedly call \fun{Read} or \fun{Write} until the whole buffer is
transferred or a system error occurred. In case of an error, they return false, else true.
?*/
bool
IvlChannel :: WriteBuffer (IvlMsgBuffer& b)
{
	int n;
	errno = 0;
	while ((n = Write (b)) > 0)
		;
	return bool (n == -2);
}

void
IvlChannel :: WriteLong (lword l)
{
	Write ((byte*)&l, lwsize);
}

void
IvlChannel :: WriteShort (sword s)
{
	Write ((byte*)&s, swsize);
}

void
IvlChannel :: WriteByte (byte b)
{
	Write (&b, 1);
}

void
IvlChannel :: WriteChar (char c)
{
	Write ((byte*)&c, 1);
}

void
IvlChannel :: WriteString (const char* s)
{
	Write ((byte*) s, strlen (s) + 1);
}

void
IvlChannel :: WriteBuf (const byte* b, int n)
{
	Write (b, n);
}

bool
IvlChannel :: ReadLong (lword& l)
{
	return bool (Read ((byte*)&l, lwsize) == lwsize);
}

bool
IvlChannel :: ReadShort (sword& s)
{
	return bool (Read ((byte*)&s, swsize) == swsize);
}

bool
IvlChannel :: ReadByte (byte& b)
{
	return bool (Read (&b, 1) == 1);
}

bool
IvlChannel :: ReadChar (char& c)
{
	return bool (Read ((byte*)&c, 1) == 1);
}

int
IvlChannel :: ReadString (char* s, int n)
{
	int i = 0;
	// this is extremely non optimal
	do {
		Read ((byte*)s, 1);
		i++;
	} while (*s++ && n--);
	return i;
}

int
IvlChannel :: ReadString (IvlString& s)
{
	// this enforces an undue limitation
	char c [1024];
	int i = ReadString (c, -1);
	s = c;
	return i;
}

bool
IvlChannel :: ReadBuf (byte* b, int n)
{
	return bool (Read (b, n) == n);
}