path: root/src/argaze/GazeFeatures.py

#!/usr/bin/env python

"""Generic gaze data and class definitions."""

__author__ = "Théo de la Hogue"
__credits__ = []
__copyright__ = "Copyright 2023, Ecole Nationale de l'Aviation Civile (ENAC)"
__license__ = "BSD"

from typing import TypeVar, Tuple, Any
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
import math
import ast
import json
import importlib
from inspect import getmembers

from argaze import DataFeatures
from argaze.AreaOfInterest import AOIFeatures
from argaze.utils import UtilsFeatures # DEBUG

import numpy
import pandas
import cv2

GazePositionType = TypeVar('GazePosition', bound="GazePosition")
# Type definition for type annotation convenience

class GazePosition(tuple, DataFeatures.TimestampedObject):
    """Define gaze position as a tuple of coordinates with precision.

    Parameters:
        precision: the radius of a circle around value where other same gaze position measurements could be.
        message: a string to describe why the the position is what it is.
    """

    def __new__(cls, position: tuple = (), precision: int|float = None, message: str = None, timestamp: int|float = math.nan):

        return tuple.__new__(cls, position)

    def __init__(self, position: tuple = (), precision: int|float = None, message: str = None, timestamp: int|float = math.nan):

        DataFeatures.TimestampedObject.__init__(self, timestamp)
        self.__precision = precision
        self.__message = message

    @property
    def value(self):
        """Get position's tuple value."""
        return tuple(self)

    @property
    def precision(self):
        """Get position's precision."""
        return self.__precision

    @property
    def message(self):
        """Get position's message."""
        return self.__message

    @classmethod
    def from_dict(self, position_data: dict) -> GazePositionType:

        if 'value' in position_data.keys():

            value = position_data.pop('value')
            return GazePosition(value, **position_data)

        else:

            return GazePosition(**position_data)

    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
        """Is the position value valid?"""
        return len(self) > 0

    def __repr__(self):
        """String representation"""

        return json.dumps(DataFeatures.as_dict(self))

    def __add__(self, position: GazePositionType) -> GazePositionType:
        """Add position.

        !!! note
            The returned position precision is the maximal precision.

        !!! note
            The returned position timestamp is the self object timestamp.
        """
        if self.__precision is not None and position.precision is not None:

            return GazePosition(numpy.array(self) + numpy.array(position), precision = max(self.__precision, position.precision), timestamp=self.timestamp)

        else:

            return GazePosition(numpy.array(self) + numpy.array(position), timestamp=self.timestamp)

    __radd__ = __add__

    def __sub__(self, position: GazePositionType) -> GazePositionType:
        """Substract position.

        !!! note
            The returned position precision is the maximal precision.

        !!! note
            The returned position timestamp is the self object timestamp.
        """
        if self.__precision is not None and position.precision is not None:

            return GazePosition(numpy.array(self) - numpy.array(position), precision = max(self.__precision, position.precision), timestamp=self.timestamp)

        else:

            return GazePosition(numpy.array(self) - numpy.array(position), timestamp=self.timestamp)

    def __rsub__(self, position: GazePositionType) -> GazePositionType:
        """Reversed substract position.

        !!! note
            The returned position precision is the maximal precision.

        !!! note
            The returned position timestamp is the self object timestamp.
        """
        if self.__precision is not None and position.precision is not None:
        
            return GazePosition(numpy.array(position) - numpy.array(self), precision = max(self.__precision, position.precision), timestamp=self.timestamp)

        else:

            return GazePosition(numpy.array(position) - numpy.array(self), timestamp=self.timestamp)

    def __mul__(self, factor: int|float) -> GazePositionType:
        """Multiply position by a factor.

        !!! note
            The returned position precision is also multiplied by the factor.

        !!! note
            The returned position timestamp is the self object timestamp.
        """
        return GazePosition(numpy.array(self) * factor, precision = self.__precision * factor if self.__precision is not None else None, timestamp=self.timestamp)

    def __pow__(self, factor: int|float) -> GazePositionType:
        """Power position by a factor.

        !!! note
            The returned position precision is also powered by the factor.

        !!! note
            The returned position timestamp is the self object timestamp.
        """
        return GazePosition(numpy.array(self) ** factor, precision = self.__precision ** factor if self.__precision is not None else None, timestamp=self.timestamp)

    def distance(self, gaze_position) -> float:
        """Distance to another gaze positions."""

        distance = (self[0] - gaze_position[0])**2 + (self[1] - gaze_position[1])**2
        distance = numpy.sqrt(distance)

        return distance

    def overlap(self, gaze_position, both=False) -> float:
        """Does this gaze position overlap another gaze position considering its precision?
        Set both to True to test if the other gaze position overlaps this one too."""

        distance = numpy.sqrt(numpy.sum((self - gaze_position)**2))

        if both:
            return distance < min(self.__precision, gaze_position.precision)
        else:
            return distance < self.__precision

    def draw(self, image: numpy.array, color: tuple = None, size: int = None, draw_precision=True):
        """Draw gaze position point and precision circle."""

        if self:

            int_value = (int(self[0]), int(self[1]))

            # Draw point at position if required
            if color is not None:
                cv2.circle(image, int_value, size, color, -1)

            # Draw precision circle
            if self.__precision is not None and draw_precision:
                cv2.circle(image, int_value, round(self.__precision), color, 1)

TimeStampedGazePositionsType = TypeVar('TimeStampedGazePositions', bound="TimeStampedGazePositions")
# Type definition for type annotation convenience

class TimeStampedGazePositions(DataFeatures.TimestampedObjectsList):
    """Handle timestamped gaze positions into a list."""
    
    def __init__(self, gaze_positions: list = []):

        DataFeatures.TimestampedObjectsList.__init__(self, GazePosition, gaze_positions)

    def values(self) -> list:
        """Get all timestamped position values as list of tuple."""
        return [tuple(ts_position) for ts_position in self]

    ''' Is it still needed as there is a TimestampedObjectsList.from_json method?
    @classmethod
    def from_json(self, json_filepath: str) -> TimeStampedGazePositionsType:
        """Create a TimeStampedGazePositionsType from .json file."""

        with open(json_filepath, encoding='utf-8') as ts_positions_file:

            json_positions = json.load(ts_positions_file)

            return TimeStampedGazePositions({ast.literal_eval(ts_str): json_positions[ts_str] for ts_str in json_positions})
    '''

    @classmethod
    def from_dataframe(self, dataframe: pandas.DataFrame, timestamp: str, x: str, y: str, precision: str = None, message: str = None) -> TimeStampedGazePositionsType:
        """Create a TimeStampedGazePositions from [Pandas DataFrame](https://pandas.pydata.org/docs/reference/api/pandas.DataFrame.html).

        Parameters:
            timestamp: specific timestamp column label.
            x: specific x column label.
            y: specific y column label.
            precision: specific precision column label if exist.
            message: specific message column label if exist.
        """

        # Copy columns
        columns = (timestamp, x, y)

        if precision is not None:

            columns += (precision,)

        if message is not None:

            columns += (message,)

        df = dataframe.loc[:, columns]

        # Merge x and y columns into one 'value' column
        df['value'] = tuple(zip(df[x], df[y]))
        df.drop(columns=[x, y], inplace=True, axis=1)

        # Replace tuple values containing NaN values by ()
        df['value'] = df.apply(lambda row: () if pandas.isnull(list(row.value)).any() else row.value, axis=True)

        # Handle precision data
        if precision:

            # Rename precision column into 'precision' column
            df.rename(columns={precision: 'precision'}, inplace=True)

        else:

            # Append a None precision column
            df['precision'] = df.apply(lambda row: None, axis=True)

        # Handle message data
        if message:

            # Rename message column into 'message' column
            df.rename(columns={precision: 'message'}, inplace=True)

        else:

            # Append a None message column
            df['message'] = df.apply(lambda row: None, axis=True)

        # Rename timestamp column into 'timestamp' column
        df.rename(columns={timestamp: 'timestamp'}, inplace=True)
        
        # Filter duplicate timestamps
        df = df[df.timestamp.duplicated() == False]

        # Create timestamped gaze positions
        return TimeStampedGazePositions(df.apply(lambda row: GazePosition(row.value, precision=row.precision, message=row.message, timestamp=row.timestamp), axis=True))

class GazePositionCalibrationFailed(Exception):
    """Exception raised by GazePositionCalibrator."""

    def __init__(self, message):  

        super().__init__(message)

GazePositionCalibratorType = TypeVar('GazePositionCalibrator', bound="GazePositionCalibrator")
# Type definition for type annotation convenience

@dataclass
class GazePositionCalibrator():
    """Abstract class to define what should provide a gaze position calibrator algorithm."""

    @classmethod
    def from_dict(cls, calibrator_data: dict) -> GazePositionCalibratorType:
        """Load gaze position calibrator from dictionary.

        Parameters:
            calibrator_data: dictionary with class name and attributes to load
        """
        gaze_position_calibrator_module_path, gaze_position_calibrator_parameters = calibrator_data.popitem()

        # Prepend argaze.GazeAnalysis path when a single name is provided
        if len(gaze_position_calibrator_module_path.split('.')) == 1:
            gaze_position_calibrator_module_path = f'argaze.GazeAnalysis.{gaze_position_calibrator_module_path}'

        gaze_position_calibrator_module = importlib.import_module(gaze_position_calibrator_module_path)
        return gaze_position_calibrator_module.GazePositionCalibrator(**gaze_position_calibrator_parameters)

    @classmethod
    def from_json(self, json_filepath: str) -> GazePositionCalibratorType:
        """Load calibrator from .json file."""

        # Remember file path to ease rewriting
        self.__json_filepath = json_filepath

        # Open file
        with open(self.__json_filepath) as calibration_file:

            return GazePositionCalibrator.from_dict(json.load(calibration_file))

    def store(self, timestamp: int|float, observed_gaze_position: GazePosition, expected_gaze_position: GazePosition):
        """Store observed and expected gaze positions.

        Parameters:
            timestamp: time of observed gaze position
            observed_gaze_position: where gaze position actually is
            expected_gaze_position: where gaze position should be
        """

        raise NotImplementedError('calibrate() method not implemented')

    def reset(self):
        """Reset observed and expected gaze positions."""

        raise NotImplementedError('reset() method not implemented')

    def calibrate(self) -> Any:
        """Process calibration from observed and expected gaze positions.

        Returns:
            calibration outputs: any data returned to assess calibration
        """

        raise NotImplementedError('terminate() method not implemented')

    def apply(self, observed_gaze_position: GazePosition) -> GazePositionType:
        """Apply calibration onto observed gaze position.

        Parameters:
            observed_gaze_position: where gaze position actually is

        Returns:
            expected_gaze_position: where gaze position should be if the calibrator is ready else, observed gaze position
        """

        raise NotImplementedError('apply() method not implemented')

    def draw(self, image: numpy.array):
        """Draw calibration into image.
        
        Parameters:
            image: where to draw
        """

        raise NotImplementedError('draw() method not implemented')

    @property
    def calibrating(self) -> bool:
        """Is the calibration running?"""

        raise NotImplementedError('ready getter not implemented')

GazeMovementType = TypeVar('GazeMovement', bound="GazeMovement")
# Type definition for type annotation convenience

class GazeMovement(TimeStampedGazePositions, DataFeatures.TimestampedObject):
    """Define abstract gaze movement class as timestamped gaze positions list.

    !!! note
        Gaze movement timestamp is always equal to its first position timestamp.

    Parameters:
        positions: timestamp gaze positions.
        finished: is the movement finished?
        message: a string to describe why the movement is what it is.
    """

    def __new__(cls, positions: TimeStampedGazePositions = TimeStampedGazePositions(), finished: bool = False, message: str = None, timestamp: int|float = math.nan):

        return TimeStampedGazePositions.__new__(cls, positions)

    def __init__(self, positions: TimeStampedGazePositions = TimeStampedGazePositions(), finished: bool = False, message: str = None, timestamp: int|float = math.nan):
        """Initialize GazeMovement"""

        TimeStampedGazePositions.__init__(self, positions)
        DataFeatures.TimestampedObject.__init__(self, timestamp)

        self.__finished = finished
        self.__message = message

    @property
    def timestamp(self) -> int|float:
        """Get first position timestamp."""
        if self:
            return self[0].timestamp

    def is_timestamped(self) -> bool:
        """If first position exist, the movement is timestamped."""
        return bool(self)

    @timestamp.setter
    def timestamp(self, timestamp: int|float):
        """Block gaze movement timestamp setting."""
        raise('GazeMovement timestamp is first positon timestamp.')

    @property
    def finished(self) -> bool:
        """Is the movement finished?"""
        return self.__finished

    def finish(self) -> GazeMovementType:
        """Set gaze movement as finished"""
        self.__finished = True
        return self

    @property
    def message(self):
        """Get movement's message."""
        return self.__message

    @property
    def amplitude(self):
        """Get inferred amplitude from first and last positions."""
        if self:

            return numpy.linalg.norm(self[0] - self[-1])

        else:

            return 0

    def __str__(self) -> str:
        """String display"""

        if self:

            output = f'{type(self)}:\n\tduration={self.duration}\n\tsize={len(self)}\n\tfinished={self.finished}'

            for position in self:

                output += f'\n\t{position.timestamp}:\n\t\tvalue={position},\n\t\tprecision={position.precision}'

        else:

            output = f'{type(self)}'

        return output

    def draw_positions(self, image: numpy.array, position_color: tuple = None, line_color: tuple = None):
        """Draw gaze movement positions with line between each position.
        
        Parameters:
            position_color: color of position point
            line_color: color of line between each position
        """

        positions = self.copy()

        while len(positions) >= 2:

            start_gaze_position = positions.pop(0)
            next_gaze_position = positions[0]

            # Draw line between positions if required
            if line_color is not None:

                cv2.line(image, (int(start_gaze_position[0]), int(start_gaze_position[1])), (int(next_gaze_position[0]), int(next_gaze_position[1])), line_color, 1)

            # Draw position if required
            if position_color is not None:

                start_gaze_position.draw(image, position_color, draw_precision=False)

    def draw(self, image: numpy.array, **kwargs):
        """Draw gaze movement into image."""

        raise NotImplementedError('draw() method not implemented')

FixationType = TypeVar('Fixation', bound="Fixation")
# Type definition for type annotation convenience

class Fixation(GazeMovement):
    """Define abstract fixation as gaze movement."""

    def __init__(self, positions: TimeStampedGazePositions = TimeStampedGazePositions(), finished: bool = False, message: str = None, **kwargs):

        super().__init__(positions, finished, message, **kwargs)

        self._focus = ()

    @property
    def focus(self) -> tuple:
        """Get representative position of the fixation."""
        return self._focus

    @focus.setter
    def focus(self, focus: tuple):
        """Set representative position of the fixation."""
        self._focus = focus

    def merge(self, fixation) -> FixationType:
        """Merge another fixation into this fixation."""

        raise NotImplementedError('merge() method not implemented')

def is_fixation(gaze_movement):
    """Is a gaze movement a fixation?"""

    return type(gaze_movement).__bases__[0] == Fixation or type(gaze_movement) == Fixation

SaccadeType = TypeVar('Saccade', bound="Saccade")
# Type definition for type annotation convenience

class Saccade(GazeMovement):
    """Define abstract saccade as gaze movement."""

    def __init__(self, positions: TimeStampedGazePositions = TimeStampedGazePositions(), finished: bool = False, message: str = None, **kwargs):

        super().__init__(positions, finished, message, **kwargs)

def is_saccade(gaze_movement):
    """Is a gaze movement a saccade?"""

    return type(gaze_movement).__bases__[0] == Saccade or type(gaze_movement) == Saccade

TimeStampedGazeMovementsType = TypeVar('TimeStampedGazeMovements', bound="TimeStampedGazeMovements")
# Type definition for type annotation convenience

class TimeStampedGazeMovements(DataFeatures.TimestampedObjectsList):
    """Handle timestamped gaze movements into a list"""

    def __init__(self, gaze_movements: list = []):

        DataFeatures.TimestampedObjectsList.__init__(self, GazeMovement, gaze_movements)

GazeStatusType = TypeVar('GazeStatus', bound="GazeStatus")
# Type definition for type annotation convenience

class GazeStatus(list, DataFeatures.TimestampedObject):
    """Define gaze status as a list of 1 or 2 (index, GazeMovementType) tuples.

    Parameters:
        position: the position that the status represents.
    """

    def __init__(self, position: GazePosition):

        DataFeatures.TimestampedObject.__init__(self, timestamp=position.timestamp)

        self.__position = position

    @property
    def position(self) -> GazePosition:
        """Get gaze status position."""
        return self.__position

    def append(self, movement_index: int, movement_type:type):
        """Append movement index and type."""

        super().append((movement_index, movement_type))

TimeStampedGazeStatusType = TypeVar('TimeStampedGazeStatus', bound="TimeStampedGazeStatus")
# Type definition for type annotation convenience

class TimeStampedGazeStatus(DataFeatures.TimestampedObjectsList):
    """Handle timestamped gaze status into a list."""

    def __init__(self):

        super().__init__(GazeStatus)

class GazeMovementIdentifier(DataFeatures.PipelineStepObject):
    """Abstract class to define what should provide a gaze movement identifier."""

    def __init__(self):

        super().__init__()

    @DataFeatures.PipelineStepMethod
    def identify(self, timestamped_gaze_position: GazePosition, terminate:bool=False) -> GazeMovementType:
        """Identify gaze movement from successive timestamped gaze positions.

        !!! warning "Mandatory"
            Each identified gaze movement have to share its first/last gaze position with previous/next gaze movement.

        Parameters:
            timestamped_gaze_position: new gaze position from where identification have to be done considering former gaze positions.
            terminate: allows to notify identification algorithm that given gaze position will be the last one.
        
        Returns:
            gaze_movement: identified gaze movement once it is finished otherwise it returns empty gaze movement at least.
        """

        raise NotImplementedError('identify() method not implemented')

    @property
    def current_gaze_movement(self) -> GazeMovementType:
        """Get the current identified gaze movement (finished or in progress) if it exists otherwise, an empty gaze movement."""

        raise NotImplementedError('current_gaze_movement getter not implemented')

    @property
    def current_fixation(self) -> FixationType:
        """Get the current identified fixation (finished or in progress) if it exists otherwise, an empty gaze movement."""

        raise NotImplementedError('current_fixation getter not implemented')

    @property
    def current_saccade(self) -> SaccadeType:
        """Get the current identified saccade (finished or in progress) if it exists otherwise, an empty gaze movement."""

        raise NotImplementedError('current_saccade getter not implemented')

    def browse(self, ts_gaze_positions: TimeStampedGazePositions) -> Tuple[TimeStampedGazeMovementsType, TimeStampedGazeMovementsType, TimeStampedGazeStatusType]:
        """Identify fixations and saccades browsing timestamped gaze positions.

        Returns:
            timestamped_fixations: all fixations stored by timestamped.
            timestamped_saccades: all saccades stored by timestamped.
            timestamped_gaze_status: all gaze status stored by timestamped.
        """

        assert(type(ts_gaze_positions) == TimeStampedGazePositions)

        ts_fixations = TimeStampedGazeMovements()
        ts_saccades = TimeStampedGazeMovements()
        ts_status = TimeStampedGazeStatus()

        # Get last ts to terminate identification on last gaze position
        last_ts = ts_gaze_positions[-1].timestamp

        # Iterate on gaze positions
        for gaze_position in ts_gaze_positions:

            gaze_movement = self.identify(gaze_position, terminate=(gaze_position.timestamp == last_ts))

            if gaze_movement:

                # First gaze movement position is always shared with previous gaze movement
                for movement_position in gaze_movement:

                     # Is a status already exist for this position?
                    gaze_status = ts_status.look_for(movement_position.timestamp)

                    if not gaze_status:
                            
                        gaze_status = GazeStatus(movement_position)
                        ts_status.append(gaze_status)

                    gaze_status.append(len(ts_fixations), type(gaze_movement))

                # Store gaze movment into the appropriate list
                if is_fixation(gaze_movement):

                    ts_fixations.append(gaze_movement)

                elif is_saccade(gaze_movement):

                    ts_saccades.append(gaze_movement)

        return ts_fixations, ts_saccades, ts_status

    def __call__(self, ts_gaze_positions: TimeStampedGazePositions) -> Tuple[int|float, GazeMovementType]:
        """GazeMovement generator.

        Parameters:
            ts_gaze_positions: timestamped gaze positions to process.

        Returns:
            timestamp: first gaze position date of identified gaze movement
            gaze_movement: identified gaze movement once it is finished
        """

        assert(type(ts_gaze_positions) == TimeStampedGazePositions)

        # Get last ts to terminate identification on last gaze position
        last_ts = ts_gaze_positions[-1]

        # Iterate on gaze positions
        for gaze_position in ts_gaze_positions:

            gaze_movement = self.identify(gaze_position, terminate=(gaze_position.timestamp == last_ts))

            if gaze_movement:

                yield gaze_movement

ScanStepType = TypeVar('ScanStep', bound="ScanStep")
# Type definition for type annotation convenience

class ScanStepError(Exception):
    """Exception raised at ScanStep creation if a aoi scan step doesn't start by a fixation or doesn't end by a saccade."""

    def __init__(self, message):  

        super().__init__(message)

class ScanStep():
    """Define a scan step as a fixation and a consecutive saccade.

    Parameters:
        first_fixation: a fixation that comes before the next saccade.
        last_saccade: a saccade that comes after the previous fixation.
    
    !!! warning
        Scan step have to start by a fixation and then end by a saccade.
    """

    def __init__(self, first_fixation: Fixation, last_saccade: Saccade):

        self.__first_fixation = first_fixation
        self.__last_saccade = last_saccade

        # First movement have to be a fixation
        if not is_fixation(self.__first_fixation):

            raise ScanStepError('First step movement is not a fixation')

        # Last movement have to be a saccade
        if not is_saccade(self.__last_saccade):
            
            raise ScanStepError('Last step movement is not a saccade')

    @property
    def first_fixation(self):
        """Get scan step first fixation."""
        return self.__first_fixation

    @property
    def last_saccade(self):
        """Get scan step last saccade."""
        return self.__last_saccade
    
    @property
    def fixation_duration(self) -> int|float:
        """Time spent on AOI

        Returns:
            fixation duration
        """

        return self.__first_fixation.duration

    @property
    def duration(self) -> int|float:
        """Time spent on AOI and time spent to go to next AOI

        Returns:
            duration
        """

        return self.__first_fixation.duration + self.__last_saccade.duration

ScanPathType = TypeVar('ScanPathType', bound="ScanPathType")
# Type definition for type annotation convenience

class ScanPath(list):
    """List of scan steps.

    Parameters:
        duration_max: duration from which older scan steps are removed each time new scan steps are added. 0 means no maximal duration.
    """

    def __init__(self, duration_max: int|float = 0):

        super().__init__()

        self.duration_max = duration_max

        self.__last_fixation = None
        self.__duration = 0

    @property
    def duration(self) -> int|float:
        """Sum of all scan steps duration

        Returns:
            duration
        """

        return self.__duration

    def __check_duration(self):
        """Constrain path duration to maximal duration."""

        if self.duration_max > 0:

            while self.__duration > self.duration_max:

                oldest_step = self.pop(0)

                self.__duration -= oldest_step.duration

    def append_saccade(self, saccade) -> ScanStepType:
        """Append new saccade to scan path and return last new scan step if one have been created."""

        # Ignore saccade if no fixation came before
        if self.__last_fixation != None:

            try: 

                # Edit new step
                new_step = ScanStep(self.__last_fixation, saccade)

                # Append new step
                super().append(new_step)

                # Update duration
                self.__duration += new_step.duration

                # Constrain path duration to maximal duration
                self.__check_duration()

                # Return new step
                return new_step

            finally:

                # Clear last fixation
                self.__last_fixation = None

    def append_fixation(self, fixation):
        """Append new fixation to scan path.
        !!! warning
            Consecutives fixations are ignored keeping the last fixation"""

        self.__last_fixation = fixation

    def draw(self, image: numpy.array, draw_fixations: dict = None, draw_saccades: dict = None, deepness: int = 0):
        """Draw scan path into image.

        Parameters:
            draw_fixations: Fixation.draw parameters (which depends of the loaded gaze movement identifier module, if None, no fixation is drawn)
            draw_saccades: Saccade.draw parameters (which depends of the loaded gaze movement identifier module, if None, no saccade is drawn)
            deepness: number of steps back to draw
        """

        for step in self[-deepness:]:

            # Draw fixation if required
            if draw_fixations is not None:

                step.first_fixation.draw(image, **draw_fixations)

            # Draw saccade if required
            if draw_saccades is not None:

                step.last_saccade.draw(image, **draw_saccades)

class ScanPathAnalyzer(DataFeatures.PipelineStepObject):
    """Abstract class to define what should provide a scan path analyzer."""

    def __init__(self):

        super().__init__()

        self.__properties = [name for (name, value) in self.__class__.__dict__.items() if isinstance(value, property)]

    @property
    def analysis(self) -> DataFeatures.DataDictionary:

        analysis = {}

        for p in self.__properties:

            analysis[p] = getattr(self, p)

        return DataFeatures.DataDictionary(analysis)

    @DataFeatures.PipelineStepMethod
    def analyze(self, scan_path: ScanPathType):
        """Analyze scan path."""

        raise NotImplementedError('analyze() method not implemented')

@dataclass
class AOIMatcher(DataFeatures.PipelineStepObject):
    """Abstract class to define what should provide an AOI matcher algorithm."""

    exclude: list[str] = field(default_factory = list)

    def __init__(self):

        super().__init__()

    def match(self, aoi_scene: AOIFeatures.AOIScene, gaze_movement: GazeMovement) -> Tuple[str, AOIFeatures.AreaOfInterest]:
        """Which AOI is looked in the scene?"""

        raise NotImplementedError('match() method not implemented')

    def draw(self, image: numpy.array, aoi_scene: AOIFeatures.AOIScene):
        """Draw matching into image.
        
        Parameters:
            image: where to draw
            aoi_scene: to refresh looked aoi if required
        """

        raise NotImplementedError('draw() method not implemented')

    @property
    def looked_aoi(self) -> AOIFeatures.AreaOfInterest:
        """Get most likely looked aoi."""

        raise NotImplementedError('looked_aoi getter not implemented')

    @property
    def looked_aoi_name(self) -> str:
        """Get most likely looked aoi name."""

        raise NotImplementedError('looked_aoi_name getter not implemented')

AOIScanStepType = TypeVar('AOIScanStep', bound="AOIScanStep")
# Type definition for type annotation convenience

class AOIScanStepError(Exception):
    """Exception raised at AOIScanStep creation if a aoi scan step doesn't start by a fixation or doesn't end by a saccade."""

    def __init__(self, message, aoi=''):  

        super().__init__(message)

        self.aoi = aoi

class AOIScanStep():
    """Define an aoi scan step as a set of successive gaze movements onto a same AOI.

    Parameters:
        movements: all movements over an AOI and the last saccade that comes out.
        aoi: AOI name
        letter: AOI unique letter to ease sequence analysis.

    !!! warning
        Aoi scan step have to start by a fixation and then end by a saccade.
    """

    def __init__(self, movements: TimeStampedGazeMovements, aoi: str = '', letter: str = ''):

        self.__movements = movements
        self.__aoi = aoi
        self.__letter = letter

        # First movement have to be a fixation
        if not is_fixation(self.first_fixation):

            raise AOIScanStepError('First step movement is not a fixation', self.aoi)

        # Last movement have to be a saccade
        if not is_saccade(self.last_saccade):
            
            raise AOIScanStepError('Last step movement is not a saccade', self.aoi)

    @property
    def movements(self):
        """Get AOI scan step movements."""
        return self.__movements
    
    @property
    def aoi(self):
        """Get AOI scan step aoi."""
        return self.__aoi
    
    @property
    def letter(self):
        """Get AOI scan step letter."""
        return self.__letter
    
    @property
    def first_fixation(self):
        """First fixation on AOI."""
        return self.movements[0]

    @property
    def last_saccade(self):
        """Last saccade that comes out AOI."""
        return self.movements[-1]

    @property
    def fixation_duration(self) -> int|float:
        """Time spent on AOI

        Returns:
            fixation duration
        """
        return self.last_saccade[0].timestamp - self.first_fixation[0].timestamp

    @property
    def duration(self) -> int|float:
        """Time spent on AOI and time spent to go to next AOI

        Returns:
            duration
        """
        return self.last_saccade[-1].timestamp - self.first_fixation[0].timestamp

AOIScanPathType = TypeVar('AOIScanPathType', bound="AOIScanPathType")
# Type definition for type annotation convenience

# Define strings for outside AOI case
OutsideAOI = 'GazeFeatures.OutsideAOI'

class AOIScanPath(list):
    """List of aoi scan steps over successive aoi.

    Parameters:
        duration_max: duration from which older aoi scan steps are removed each time new aoi scan steps are added. 0 means no maximal duration.
    """

    def __init__(self, expected_aoi: list[str] = [], duration_max: int|float = 0):

        super().__init__()

        self.duration_max = duration_max
        self.expected_aoi = expected_aoi

        self.__duration = 0

    def clear(self):
        """Clear aoi scan steps list, letter sequence and transition matrix."""

        super().clear()

        self.__movements = TimeStampedGazeMovements()
        self.__current_aoi = ''
        self.__index = ord('A')
        self.__aoi_letter = {}
        self.__letter_aoi = {}

        size = len(self.__expected_aoi)
        self.__transition_matrix = pandas.DataFrame(numpy.zeros((size, size)), index=self.__expected_aoi, columns=self.__expected_aoi)

    @property
    def duration(self) -> float:
        """Sum of all scan steps duration"""

        return self.__duration

    def __check_duration(self):
        """Constrain path duration to maximal duration."""

        if self.duration_max > 0:

            while self.__duration > self.duration_max:

                oldest_step = self.pop(0)

                self.__duration -= oldest_step.duration

                # Edit transition matrix
                if len(self) > 0:

                    # Decrement [index: source, columns: destination] value
                    self.__transition_matrix.loc[oldest_step.aoi, self[0].aoi,] -= 1

    def __get_aoi_letter(self, aoi):

        try :

            return self.__aoi_letter[aoi]

        except KeyError:

            letter = chr(self.__index)
            self.__aoi_letter[aoi] = letter
            self.__index += 1
            return letter

    def get_letter_aoi(self, letter):
        """Get which aoi is related to an unique letter."""

        return self.__letter_aoi[letter]

    @property
    def letter_sequence(self) -> str:
        """Convert aoi scan path into a string with unique letter per aoi step."""

        sequence = ''
        for step in self:
            sequence += step.letter

        return sequence

    @property
    def expected_aoi(self):
        """List of all expected aoi."""

        return self.__expected_aoi

    @expected_aoi.setter
    def expected_aoi(self, expected_aoi: list[str] = []):
        """Edit list of all expected aoi.

        !!! warning
                This will clear the AOIScanPath
        """
        
        self.__expected_aoi = [OutsideAOI]
        self.__expected_aoi += expected_aoi

        self.clear()
        
    @property
    def current_aoi(self):
        """AOI name of aoi scan step under construction"""

        return self.__current_aoi

    @property
    def transition_matrix(self) -> pandas.DataFrame:
        """[Pandas DataFrame](https://pandas.pydata.org/docs/reference/api/pandas.DataFrame.html) where indexes are transition departures and columns are transition destinations."""

        return self.__transition_matrix

    def append_saccade(self, saccade):
        """Append new saccade to aoi scan path."""

        # Ignore saccade if no fixation have been stored before
        if len(self.__movements) > 0:

            self.__movements.append(saccade)

    def append_fixation(self, fixation, looked_aoi: str) -> bool:
        """Append new fixation to aoi scan path and return last new aoi scan step if one have been created.

        !!! warning
            It could raise AOIScanStepError
        """

        # Replace None aoi by generic OutsideAOI name
        if looked_aoi is None:

            looked_aoi = OutsideAOI

        # Raise error when aoi is not expected
        elif looked_aoi not in self.__expected_aoi:

            raise AOIScanStepError('AOI not expected', looked_aoi)

        # Is it fixation onto a new aoi?
        if looked_aoi != self.__current_aoi and len(self.__movements) > 0:

            try: 

                # Edit unique letter per aoi
                letter = self.__get_aoi_letter(self.__current_aoi)

                # Remember which letter identify which aoi
                self.__letter_aoi[letter] = self.__current_aoi

                # Edit new step
                new_step = AOIScanStep(self.__movements, self.__current_aoi, letter)

                # Edit transition matrix
                if len(self) > 0:

                    # Increment [index: source, columns: destination] value
                    self.__transition_matrix.loc[self[-1].aoi, self.__current_aoi,] += 1

                # Append new step
                super().append(new_step)

                # Update duration
                self.__duration += new_step.duration

                # Constrain path duration to maximal duration
                self.__check_duration()

                # Return new step
                return new_step

            finally:

                # Clear movements
                self.__movements = TimeStampedGazeMovements()

                # Append new fixation
                self.__movements.append(fixation)

                # Remember new aoi
                self.__current_aoi = looked_aoi
        else:

            # Append new fixation
            self.__movements.append(fixation)

            # Remember aoi
            self.__current_aoi = looked_aoi

            return None

    def fixations_count(self):
        """Get how many fixations are there in the scan path and how many fixation are there in each aoi."""

        scan_fixations_count = 0
        aoi_fixations_count = {aoi: 0 for aoi in self.__expected_aoi}

        for aoi_scan_step in self:

            step_fixations_count = len(aoi_scan_step.movements) - 1 # -1: to ignore last saccade

            scan_fixations_count += step_fixations_count
            aoi_fixations_count[aoi_scan_step.aoi] += step_fixations_count
            
        return scan_fixations_count, aoi_fixations_count

class AOIScanPathAnalyzer(DataFeatures.PipelineStepObject):
    """Abstract class to define what should provide a aoi scan path analyzer."""

    def __init__(self):

        super().__init__()

        self.__properties = [name for (name, value) in self.__class__.__dict__.items() if isinstance(value, property)]

    @property
    def analysis(self) -> dict:

        analysis = {}

        for p in self.__properties:

            analysis[p] = getattr(self, p)

        return DataFeatures.DataDictionary(analysis)

    @DataFeatures.PipelineStepMethod
    def analyze(self, aoi_scan_path: AOIScanPathType):
        """Analyze aoi scan path."""

        raise NotImplementedError('analyze() method not implemented')